What is macOS? Advantages, Disadvantages And History of The macOS Operating System

macOS is the default operating system installed by Apple on MacBook and iMac models. In today’s article, let’s join Getnada to learn some general information about Apple’s macOS operating system.

What is macOS?

macOS is the operating system designed for Apple’s desktops and laptops, featuring a proprietary graphical interface optimized for all Mac models. This operating system interacts directly with the computer’s hardware, allocating necessary resources such as memory, processing power, and storage space to execute tasks like running applications. Thanks to its optimization for Apple’s specific hardware, macOS consistently delivers fast performance and smooth responsiveness. Apple typically releases a new version of macOS annually.

First introduced in 1984 to run on Apple’s Macintosh personal computers, macOS played a crucial role in popularizing graphical user interfaces (GUIs). This influence even extended to Microsoft, prompting them to adopt GUI for their Windows operating systems. As of June 2024, the current version of macOS is macOS 14 Sonoma. Apple has also announced macOS 15 Sequoia, expected to be released in the fall of 2024.

macOS features and uses

macOS offers numerous features and rich applications, supporting users in performing various tasks. The key features include:

• Multimedia: Users can watch, listen to, and read content through applications like Music, TV, Podcasts, Books, and Photos.
• Creativity: Applications like Photos, GarageBand, and iMovie make it easy for users to view, edit, and create multimedia content.
• Productivity: With applications such as Pages, Numbers, and Keynote, users can efficiently work with graphic tools and documents.
• Communication: Users can communicate via text, image, and audio applications like Mail, Messages, and FaceTime.
• Organization: Applications such as Notes, Reminders, Calendar, Voice Memos, and Contacts help users manage notes and other content effectively.
• iCloud: Allows users to access and share their content across different devices.
• Accessibility: macOS offers various assistive tools for users with disabilities, including VoiceOver, Accessibility Keyboard, and Text to Speech.
• Compatibility: Users can transfer files and data from Windows computers to Mac, and they can also run Microsoft Office or even Windows on Mac.

All these applications come pre-installed on macOS and run natively, ensuring efficient resource allocation and optimal performance.

Recent features added to macOS include focus modes, allowing users to customize which notifications they receive and when, as well as Live Text, which enables text copying from images. Additionally, the universal control feature allows users to use a single keyboard, mouse, or trackpad between Mac and iPad devices. The Recording Indicator feature informs users about which apps are accessing their Mac’s microphone, enhancing device security.

History of macOS

macOS was first introduced in 1984 to run on Apple’s Macintosh computers. It was designed with a graphical user interface (GUI), enabling users to navigate using a mouse to select icons and folders instead of typing commands, which was common with Windows operating systems at the time. By focusing on ease of use, macOS helped popularize the GUI, promoting its widespread adoption in modern operating systems. Early versions of macOS had basic features, including the ability to create and manage multiple folders. These versions were numbered from 1 to 9. Mac OS 9, the ninth version, stood out for its improved support for AirPort wireless networking, better USB drivers, and file encryption. It also offered several features for developers, setting the stage for significant improvements in the next major release.

The next major release, Mac OS X, launched in March 2001. The “X” represented the number 10. The first version of OS X, codenamed Cheetah, introduced a new GUI called Aqua, featuring a translucent design with soft edges.

Other versions of OS X named after big cats include:

• 10.1 Puma (September 2001)
• 10.2 Jaguar (August 2002) with iChat and Address Book
• 10.3 Panther (October 2003) with FileVault and Safari
• 10.4 Tiger (April 2005) with Spotlight and Smart Folders
• 10.5 Leopard (October 2007) with Time Machine
• 10.6 Snow Leopard (August 2009) improved performance and introduced Mac App Store
• 10.7 Lion (July 2011) added features from iOS
• 10.8 Mountain Lion (July 2012) continued to align features between Mac and iOS

Following this, macOS versions were named after California landmarks, starting with Mavericks and continuing with Yosemite, El Capitan, Sierra, High Sierra, Mojave, Catalina, Big Sur, and Monterey. These versions also marked the transition from OS X to OS 11 and the rebranding from OS X to macOS.

• October 2013: Mavericks introduced free OS upgrades, adding Maps and Books applications.
• October 2014: Yosemite introduced Handoff, allowing users to answer calls and send SMS messages on Mac. The interface was redesigned to resemble iOS 7.
• September 2015: El Capitan offered Apple’s Metal API with user experience refinements.
• September 2016: Sierra marked the name change to macOS, adding Siri to Mac, and deeper integration with iPhone and Apple Watch.
• September 2017: High Sierra introduced the new Apple File System, optimized for solid-state storage.
• September 2018: Mojave added Dark Mode and Apple News.
• October 2019: Catalina replaced iTunes with Music, TV, and Podcast applications, introduced Gatekeeper for app security, and added support for Sidecar.
• November 2020: Big Sur transitioned to macOS 11, with a significant shift to Apple Silicon processors.
• October 2021: macOS Monterey included focus modes, Live Text, SharePlay, and improvements to Maps, Notes, and other apps.
• October 2022: macOS Ventura introduced Stage Manager, Continuity Camera, and a redesigned System Settings app.
• September 2023: macOS Sonoma added revamped widgets, video wallpaper/screensaver features, and other enhancements.
• June 2024: macOS Sequoia was announced at WWDC on June 10, 2024, with availability set for fall 2024. Major new features include Apple Intelligence, a generative AI system providing language and image generation, task automation, and personalized recommendations. Only systems with an M-class chip will be compatible with Apple Intelligence features. Another noteworthy update is iPhone mirroring, allowing users to access and control their iPhone directly from their Mac.

Devices that use macOS

Below are technology devices running macOS.

MacBook

MacBook is a well-known laptop line, favored by many users for its elegant design and superior performance. Currently, MacBook is divided into two main lines: MacBook Air and MacBook Pro (including versions like MacBook Pro M3, MacBook Pro M3 Pro, MacBook Pro M3 Max, etc.), with various screen size options to meet diverse user needs.

Mac mini

Mac mini is a desktop computer with a compact design, encased in a square metal body. However, to use Mac mini, you need to equip a separate monitor, keyboard, and mouse as Apple does not include these accessories with the product.

iMac

iMac is Apple’s all-in-one desktop line, integrating both the display and hardware into a single device. First introduced in 1998, iMac has undergone many design and performance improvements. iMac stands out with its sleek design, high-quality display, and powerful performance, suitable for both creative work and everyday use. With iMac, users only need to connect a keyboard and mouse to start using, providing a convenient and neat experience.

Mac Pro

Mac Pro is Apple’s highest-end desktop line, known for its sophisticated design and exceptional processing power. Often referred to as a workstation, Mac Pro is designed for a niche group of professional users who need to handle extremely heavy tasks on their computers. With its robust performance, Mac Pro is an ideal choice for filmmakers, graphic designers, and software engineers. This also makes Mac Pro the most expensive macOS product, reflecting the quality and capabilities it offers.